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Muscle Anatomy

Know the muscles you are training. Select any muscle group below the diagram to learn what it does, what exercises target it, and why it matters for your training.

Understand the body before you train it

Most people train without knowing what muscles they are working. They follow programmes, copy others, and hope for results. Understanding the basics — what each muscle does and why it matters — changes everything. Train with purpose, not just effort.

Major muscle groups of the human body — front and back view
Click the image to enlarge  ·  Anatomical illustration created using AI image generation for educational purposes. Coaching notes based on 30+ years of personal training experience and BSc Sports & Exercise Science. References: Gray's Anatomy (41st ed.), Tortora & Derrickson (15th ed.), NSCA Essentials of Strength Training & Conditioning (4th ed.).
Select a muscle group above to see full details
Sports Science

The Five Components of Physical Fitness

The science behind what physical fitness really means — cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition explained in full.

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Sports Science

The Five Systems — What Happens When You Train

Understanding what is happening inside the body during exercise changes the way you train. These five systems work together every time you lift, run, sprint or recover. Each page explains the science in plain English — what the system does, how training changes it, and what that means for you practically.

01

Cardiovascular

Heart rate, stroke volume, training zones and why fit people recover faster.

02

Respiratory

Why you gasp after a hard set, VO2 max explained, and how training teaches efficiency.

03

Muscular

Fibre types, why muscles grow, what DOMS actually means and how to use it.

04

Skeletal

Bone density, joint health, why the squat is the best thing you can do as you age.

05

Nervous

Why technique feels impossible at first and automatic later — and why fear before a heavy lift is normal.

A note on anatomy: Understanding which muscles do what — and why — is the difference between training intelligently and just going through the motions. Every exercise on this site is selected because it targets specific muscles in a way that is safe, progressive, and grounded in exercise science. Use this page alongside the Exercise Library to understand not just what to do, but why.
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